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GEO3BCN at EGU 2024

The 2024 edition of the European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly is just around the corner, scheduled to take place both on-site in Vienna and virtually from 14 to 21 April. Among presenters at this year's EGU General Assembly are researche... Read more

25-03-2024 News

El CSIC presenta la Conexión Geociencias para un planeta sostenible

El Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) acogió el pasado 14 de marzo el kick off de la nueva conexión Geociencias para un planeta sostenible. Esta nueva propuesta, coordinada por Blas Valero Garcés, del Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog... Read more

18-03-2024 News

The paleomagnetism laboratory is involved in obtaining the first complete archaeomagnetic data from Central Asia

A study presents the first complete archaeomagnetic data of the magnetic field vector for Central Asia, a vast region that has been largely unexplored from an archaeomagnetic perspective for a long time. Bet Beamud, head of the Paleomagnetism laborat... Read more

11-03-2024 News

Ramon Carbonell, nuevo vicepresidente de la Comisión del CSIC para la Coordinación y Racionalización de las ICTS

El investigador de Geociencias Barcelona (GEO3BCN-CSIC), Ramon Carbonell, ha sido nombrado nuevo vicepresidente de la Comisión para la coordinación y Racionalización de Infraestructuras Científicas y Técnicas Singulares (ICTS) y participación en Infr... Read more

06-03-2024 News

A news study reveals that the ice flow in Greenland is younger than thought

A new international study indicates that the Northwest Greenland Ice Stream may be much younger than previously believed. The article, published in the journal Nature Communications and led by the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), helps to better under... Read more

22-02-2024 News

Drone view of the Amônia River and the Amazon forest. (Yurua, Ucayali, Peru). Autor: Andre Dib

Fins al 47% dels boscos amazònics podrien patir alteracions irreversibles i desaparèixer el 2050

Una nova publicació de Nature analitza els llindars potencials que podrien empènyer la selva amazònica a un punt de no retorn. L’estudi, amb participació del Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (CSIC), estima que per al 2050 entre el 10% i... Read more

14-02-2024 News

Geociències Barcelona debuta a Ciència al Barri

L'alumnat del centre educatiu Front Marítim va visitar al gener els laboratoris de microscòpia i de paleomagnetisme de Geociències Barcelona (GEO3BCN-CSIC). L'activitat, realitzada en el marc de la iniciativa Ciència al Barri, va ser dirigida pels re... Read more

30-01-2024 News

El programa CSIC Cocrea impulsa proyectos de colaboración público-privada frente a los grandes retos actuales

El programa CSIC COCREA cofinancia cinco proyectos para acelerar la transición energética a partir de la producción, conversión, almacenamiento y gestión de energías limpias y sostenible. Para promover esta transición energética, los proyectos selecc... Read more

18-01-2024 News

Stephanie Barde-Cabusson gana el Concurso de Fotografía 2023

Dos imágenes de Stephanie Barde-Cabusson obtienen el primer y tercer puesto del Concurso de Fotografía 2023 organizado por Geociencias Barcelona (GEO3BCN-CSIC). Los resultados fueron presentados en la tradicional jornada de invierno del instituto, ce... Read more

21-12-2023 News

Dario Pedrazzi, guanyador de la Beca Oriol de Bolòs de Ciències Naturals 2023

L’investigador de Geociències Barcelona (GEO3BCN-CSIC), Dario Pedrazzi, és el guanyador de la Beca Oriol de Bolòs de Ciències Naturals 2023 per un estudi que porta per títol ‘Edat absoluta i caracterització vulcanològica de dos dels possibles volcans... Read more

14-12-2023 News

Mechanical properties of minerals in lunar and HED meteorites from nanoindentation testing: Implications for space mining

Peña-Asensio, E., Trigo-Rodríguez, J.M., Sort, J., Ibáñez-Insa, J. and Rimola, A. (2024), Mechanical properties of minerals in lunar and HED meteorites from nanoindentation testing: Implications for space mining. Meteorit Planet Sci. https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.14148

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First Full-Vector Archeomagnetic Data From Central Asia (3 BCE to 15 CE Centuries): Evidence for a Large Non-Dipole Field Contribution Around the First Century BCE

Bonilla-Alba, R., Gómez-Paccard, M., Pavón-Carrasco, F. J., Campuzano, S. A., Beamud, E., Martínez-Ferreras, V., Gurt-Esparraguera, J. M., Ariño-Gil, E., Martín-Hernández, F., & Osete, M. L. (2024). First Full-Vector Archeomagnetic Data From Central Asia (3 BCE to 15 CE Centuries): Evidence for a Large Non-Dipole Field Contribution Around the First Century BCE. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 129(2), e2023JB027910. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB027910

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Thermal structure of the southern Caribbean and northwestern South America: implications for seismogenesis

Gómez-García, Á. M., González, Á., Cacace, M., Scheck-Wenderoth, M., & Monsalve, G. (2024). Thermal structure of the southern Caribbean and northwestern South America: implications for seismogenesis. Solid Earth, 15(2), 281–303. https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-281-2024

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Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system

Flores, B. M., Montoya, E., Sakschewski, B., Nascimento, N., Staal, A., Betts, R. A., Levis, C., Lapola, D. M., Esquível-Muelbert, A., Jakovac, C., Nobre, C. A., Oliveira, R. S., Borma, L. S., Nian, D., Boers, N., Hecht, S. B., ter Steege, H., Arieira, J., Lucas, I. L., … Hirota, M. (2024). Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system. Nature, 626(7999), 555–564. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06970-0

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Shear margins in upper half of Northeast Greenland Ice Stream were established two millennia ago

Jansen, D., Franke, S., Bauer, C. C., Binder, T., Dahl-Jensen, D., Eichler, J., Eisen, O., Hu, Y., Kerch, J., Llorens, M.-G., Miller, H., Neckel, N., Paden, J., de Riese, T., Sachau, T., Stoll, N., Weikusat, I., Wilhelms, F., Zhang, Y., & Bons, P. D. (2024). Shear margins in upper half of Northeast Greenland Ice Stream were established two millennia ago. Nature Communications, 15(1), 1193. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45021-8

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Assessing changes in global fire regimes

Sayedi, S. S., Abbott, B. W., Vannière, B., Leys, B., Colombaroli, D., Romera, G. G., Słowiński, M., Aleman, J. C., Blarquez, O., Feurdean, A., Brown, K., Aakala, T., Alenius, T., Allen, K., Andric, M., Bergeron, Y., Biagioni, S., Bradshaw, R., Bremond, L., …, Montoya, E., Daniau, A.-L. (2024). Assessing changes in global fire regimes. Fire Ecology, 20(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-023-00237-9

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Why does western Makran have a low seismicity rate?

Abbasi, M., Ghods, A., Najafi, M., Abbasy, S., Amiri, M., Shabanian, E., Kheradmandi, M., & Asgari, J. (2023). Why does western Makran have a low seismicity rate? Tectonophysics, 869, 230134. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECTO.2023.230134

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Polymorphism and Phase Stability of Hydrated Magnesium Carbonate Nesquehonite MgCO3·3H2O: Negative Axial Compressibility and Thermal Expansion in a Cementitious Material

Santamaría-Pérez, D., Chuliá-Jordán, R., Gonzalez-Platas, J., Otero-de-la-Roza, A., Ruiz-Fuertes, J., Pellicer-Porres, J., Oliva, R., & Popescu, C. (2024). Polymorphism and Phase Stability of Hydrated Magnesium Carbonate Nesquehonite MgCO3·3H2O: Negative Axial Compressibility and Thermal Expansion in a Cementitious Material. Crystal Growth & Design. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01171

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Impact of glacier changes and permafrost distribution on debris flows in Badswat and Shishkat catchments, Northern Pakistan

Hassan, W., Su, F., Liu, W., Hassan, J., Hassan, M., Bazai, N. A., Wang, H., Yang, Z., Ali, M., & Castellanos, D. G. (2023). Impact of glacier changes and permafrost distribution on debris flows in Badswat and Shishkat catchments, Northern Pakistan. Journal of Mountain Science, 20(12), 3687–3702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-023-7894-5

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Structural style and timing of nw-se trending zagros folds in sw iran: interaction with north-south trending arabian folds and implications for petroleum geology

Vergés, J., Casini, G., Ruh, J., Cosgrove, J., Sherkati, S., Najafi, M., Casciello, E., Saura, E., Fard, I. A., Piryaei, A., de Lamotte, D. F., Letouzey, J., Goodarzi, H., Soleimany, B., & Jahani, S. (2024). STRUCTURAL STYLE AND TIMING OF NW-SE TRENDING ZAGROS FOLDS IN SW IRAN: INTERACTION WITH NORTH-SOUTH TRENDING ARABIAN FOLDS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PETROLEUM GEOLOGY. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 47(1), 3–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12850

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The Pyrenees and the Basque-Cantabrian mountain ranges are a constant reminder of the lithospheric-scale deformation processes resulting from Eurasian and Iberian plates convergence. This convergence led to a continental collision, a process that has shaped the evolution of the topography and structure of the Iberian microplate. A new Ph.D. thesis written by Ángel Valverde has studied the geodynamic evolution of continental collision systems to explore, using numerical modeling, the transmission of deformation to the interior of the Iberian plate during the Cenozoic (last 65 million years). Daniel García- Castellanos and Ivone Jiménez-Munt are the thesis supervisors. The thesis was defended online on February 10.

"When studying continental collisions, other questions arise about how stresses are transmitted from the margin to the interior of the Iberian microplate, the different theories aimed to explain these processes or why the average elevation of Iberia is higher than the mean elevation of the European continent.", explains Ángel Valverde.

Valverde compiled information from different tectonic episodes and analyzed the intervals related to the convergence between the Iberian and Eurasian plates during the Cenozoic that led to the uplift of two of the main mountain ranges on the northern margin of the Iberian peninsula: the Pyrenees and the Basque-Cantabrian range. Valverde also examined the formation of the interior mountain chains and the evolution of the southern margin of the peninsula, shaped by the collision of Iberia and Africa and the Betics formation.

"We have studied the Pyrenean formation and the crust shortening that occurred during the Cenozoic as well as the structure, evolution, and geodynamics of the Basque-Cantabrian mountain range. We have also studied how and why the stresses are transmitted during the collision process from the Cantabrian mountain range to the Central System to determine its structure and the resulting cortical shortening ", Valverde explains.

20210210 FotoNoti04

Valverde designed several high-resolution 2D numerical models to simulate the lithospheric deformation that occurred at the convergent plate boundaries, especially in the Basque-Cantabrian area. Valverde also developed several numerical experiments along a North-South transect to investigate how the approximation of the Nubia (African) plate may have affected the distribution and timing of shortening in the different domains of the Iberian plate with particular emphasis on the topography and deformation of the Central System and adjacent basins. Previous tomographic studies and seismic profiles and geoid models were used to compare the output structures from the different models.

20210210 FotoNoti03

The models, which are part of the thesis core, were developed using Underworld 2.0, a numerical modeling software designed by researchers from the University of Melbourne and the University of Monash (Australia). To fully learn and understand how this modeling software works, Valverde spent 3 months at the School of Earth Sciences at the University of Melbourne joining the team led by Louis Moresi. "It is not the same to work on your own but without knowing or understanding what is happening, than having your doubts resolved almost instantly and understand why something is not working and have a strategy to solve the problem and continue with your work. So the stay in Australia marks a before and an after on using this software."

The numerical models were fed with "general density and viscosity layer data, as well as other features of the continental lithosphere and have been compared with different classifications and previous studies on numerical modeling of continental collisions."

The models designed for the Pyrenean chain show two possible evolutionary scenarios after a continental collision process: double vergence and crustal folding. "The first has two main V-shaped faults that converge in the subduction zone. This generates a triangular-shaped topography with a maximum over the subduction zone and adjacent basins. The crustal folding model does not have only two faults or main shear zones, the deformation is transmitted farther from the initial contact between the two colliding lithospheres. This generates a transmission of the deformation rate in the upper crust, generating crustal folding with a wavelength of 50- 60 km, a lower maximum topography but a higher average topography than the other model of orogenic deformation. ", said Valverde.

The resulting models analyzing the evolution of the Basque-Cantabrian chain suggest that "inherited Jurassic faults are needed. These detachment levels, during the Cenozoic convergence, generated partial crustal subduction from Iberia Northwards reaching a depth of 50 km and allows the indentation of the Eurasian part in the middle crust of the Iberian part. " A weakness that, according to Valverde, is linked to a level of detachment in the middle crust, transmitting part of the deformation towards the interior of the Iberian plate, influencing the tectonic structure and the evolution and rise of the Central System. "Both chains are connected by a lift-off level in the middle crust that transmits part of the stress a few million years after convergence start in the northern margin."

The models also show that "a more resistant crust in the Duero basin is needed compared to that of the Central System since not too much deformation was transmitted in that basin."

Finally, Valverde's work suggests that the intraplate deformation of the Iberian plate during the Cenozoic can be best explained: “ as the result of stress transmission through mid-crustal detachment levels rather than through a lithospheric folding response to the Africa-Eurasia plates approaching.”. According to the work, “deep subduction and slab break-up under the Gibraltar Arc seems crucial in transmitting shortening from the northern margin of Iberia to the intraplate área and finally to the southern margin."

More information

Valverde-Perez, A. (2020).Numerical modeling of continental collision and intraplate deformation. Application to the Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of North Iberia. (PhD. thesis). Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.

Valverde-Pérez, A. et al. (In preparation) Thermomechanical 2D model for a lithosphere transect of North Iberia from the Central System to the Bay of Biscay: the role played by inherited structures for its Cenozoic evolution.

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