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GEO3BCN at EGU 2024

The 2024 edition of the European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly is just around the corner, scheduled to take place both on-site in Vienna and virtually from 14 to 21 April. Among presenters at this year's EGU General Assembly are researche... Read more

25-03-2024 News

El CSIC presenta la Conexión Geociencias para un planeta sostenible

El Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) acogió el pasado 14 de marzo el kick off de la nueva conexión Geociencias para un planeta sostenible. Esta nueva propuesta, coordinada por Blas Valero Garcés, del Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog... Read more

18-03-2024 News

The paleomagnetism laboratory is involved in obtaining the first complete archaeomagnetic data from Central Asia

A study presents the first complete archaeomagnetic data of the magnetic field vector for Central Asia, a vast region that has been largely unexplored from an archaeomagnetic perspective for a long time. Bet Beamud, head of the Paleomagnetism laborat... Read more

11-03-2024 News

Ramon Carbonell, nuevo vicepresidente de la Comisión del CSIC para la Coordinación y Racionalización de las ICTS

El investigador de Geociencias Barcelona (GEO3BCN-CSIC), Ramon Carbonell, ha sido nombrado nuevo vicepresidente de la Comisión para la coordinación y Racionalización de Infraestructuras Científicas y Técnicas Singulares (ICTS) y participación en Infr... Read more

06-03-2024 News

A news study reveals that the ice flow in Greenland is younger than thought

A new international study indicates that the Northwest Greenland Ice Stream may be much younger than previously believed. The article, published in the journal Nature Communications and led by the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), helps to better under... Read more

22-02-2024 News

Drone view of the Amônia River and the Amazon forest. (Yurua, Ucayali, Peru). Autor: Andre Dib

Fins al 47% dels boscos amazònics podrien patir alteracions irreversibles i desaparèixer el 2050

Una nova publicació de Nature analitza els llindars potencials que podrien empènyer la selva amazònica a un punt de no retorn. L’estudi, amb participació del Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (CSIC), estima que per al 2050 entre el 10% i... Read more

14-02-2024 News

Geociències Barcelona debuta a Ciència al Barri

L'alumnat del centre educatiu Front Marítim va visitar al gener els laboratoris de microscòpia i de paleomagnetisme de Geociències Barcelona (GEO3BCN-CSIC). L'activitat, realitzada en el marc de la iniciativa Ciència al Barri, va ser dirigida pels re... Read more

30-01-2024 News

El programa CSIC Cocrea impulsa proyectos de colaboración público-privada frente a los grandes retos actuales

El programa CSIC COCREA cofinancia cinco proyectos para acelerar la transición energética a partir de la producción, conversión, almacenamiento y gestión de energías limpias y sostenible. Para promover esta transición energética, los proyectos selecc... Read more

18-01-2024 News

Stephanie Barde-Cabusson gana el Concurso de Fotografía 2023

Dos imágenes de Stephanie Barde-Cabusson obtienen el primer y tercer puesto del Concurso de Fotografía 2023 organizado por Geociencias Barcelona (GEO3BCN-CSIC). Los resultados fueron presentados en la tradicional jornada de invierno del instituto, ce... Read more

21-12-2023 News

Dario Pedrazzi, guanyador de la Beca Oriol de Bolòs de Ciències Naturals 2023

L’investigador de Geociències Barcelona (GEO3BCN-CSIC), Dario Pedrazzi, és el guanyador de la Beca Oriol de Bolòs de Ciències Naturals 2023 per un estudi que porta per títol ‘Edat absoluta i caracterització vulcanològica de dos dels possibles volcans... Read more

14-12-2023 News

Mechanical properties of minerals in lunar and HED meteorites from nanoindentation testing: Implications for space mining

Peña-Asensio, E., Trigo-Rodríguez, J.M., Sort, J., Ibáñez-Insa, J. and Rimola, A. (2024), Mechanical properties of minerals in lunar and HED meteorites from nanoindentation testing: Implications for space mining. Meteorit Planet Sci. https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.14148

Latest GEO3BCN Publications

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First Full-Vector Archeomagnetic Data From Central Asia (3 BCE to 15 CE Centuries): Evidence for a Large Non-Dipole Field Contribution Around the First Century BCE

Bonilla-Alba, R., Gómez-Paccard, M., Pavón-Carrasco, F. J., Campuzano, S. A., Beamud, E., Martínez-Ferreras, V., Gurt-Esparraguera, J. M., Ariño-Gil, E., Martín-Hernández, F., & Osete, M. L. (2024). First Full-Vector Archeomagnetic Data From Central Asia (3 BCE to 15 CE Centuries): Evidence for a Large Non-Dipole Field Contribution Around the First Century BCE. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 129(2), e2023JB027910. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB027910

Latest GEO3BCN Publications

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Thermal structure of the southern Caribbean and northwestern South America: implications for seismogenesis

Gómez-García, Á. M., González, Á., Cacace, M., Scheck-Wenderoth, M., & Monsalve, G. (2024). Thermal structure of the southern Caribbean and northwestern South America: implications for seismogenesis. Solid Earth, 15(2), 281–303. https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-281-2024

Latest GEO3BCN Publications

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Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system

Flores, B. M., Montoya, E., Sakschewski, B., Nascimento, N., Staal, A., Betts, R. A., Levis, C., Lapola, D. M., Esquível-Muelbert, A., Jakovac, C., Nobre, C. A., Oliveira, R. S., Borma, L. S., Nian, D., Boers, N., Hecht, S. B., ter Steege, H., Arieira, J., Lucas, I. L., … Hirota, M. (2024). Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system. Nature, 626(7999), 555–564. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06970-0

Latest GEO3BCN Publications

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Shear margins in upper half of Northeast Greenland Ice Stream were established two millennia ago

Jansen, D., Franke, S., Bauer, C. C., Binder, T., Dahl-Jensen, D., Eichler, J., Eisen, O., Hu, Y., Kerch, J., Llorens, M.-G., Miller, H., Neckel, N., Paden, J., de Riese, T., Sachau, T., Stoll, N., Weikusat, I., Wilhelms, F., Zhang, Y., & Bons, P. D. (2024). Shear margins in upper half of Northeast Greenland Ice Stream were established two millennia ago. Nature Communications, 15(1), 1193. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45021-8

Latest GEO3BCN Publications

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Assessing changes in global fire regimes

Sayedi, S. S., Abbott, B. W., Vannière, B., Leys, B., Colombaroli, D., Romera, G. G., Słowiński, M., Aleman, J. C., Blarquez, O., Feurdean, A., Brown, K., Aakala, T., Alenius, T., Allen, K., Andric, M., Bergeron, Y., Biagioni, S., Bradshaw, R., Bremond, L., …, Montoya, E., Daniau, A.-L. (2024). Assessing changes in global fire regimes. Fire Ecology, 20(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-023-00237-9

Latest GEO3BCN Publications

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Why does western Makran have a low seismicity rate?

Abbasi, M., Ghods, A., Najafi, M., Abbasy, S., Amiri, M., Shabanian, E., Kheradmandi, M., & Asgari, J. (2023). Why does western Makran have a low seismicity rate? Tectonophysics, 869, 230134. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECTO.2023.230134

Latest GEO3BCN Publications

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Polymorphism and Phase Stability of Hydrated Magnesium Carbonate Nesquehonite MgCO3·3H2O: Negative Axial Compressibility and Thermal Expansion in a Cementitious Material

Santamaría-Pérez, D., Chuliá-Jordán, R., Gonzalez-Platas, J., Otero-de-la-Roza, A., Ruiz-Fuertes, J., Pellicer-Porres, J., Oliva, R., & Popescu, C. (2024). Polymorphism and Phase Stability of Hydrated Magnesium Carbonate Nesquehonite MgCO3·3H2O: Negative Axial Compressibility and Thermal Expansion in a Cementitious Material. Crystal Growth & Design. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01171

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Impact of glacier changes and permafrost distribution on debris flows in Badswat and Shishkat catchments, Northern Pakistan

Hassan, W., Su, F., Liu, W., Hassan, J., Hassan, M., Bazai, N. A., Wang, H., Yang, Z., Ali, M., & Castellanos, D. G. (2023). Impact of glacier changes and permafrost distribution on debris flows in Badswat and Shishkat catchments, Northern Pakistan. Journal of Mountain Science, 20(12), 3687–3702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-023-7894-5

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Structural style and timing of nw-se trending zagros folds in sw iran: interaction with north-south trending arabian folds and implications for petroleum geology

Vergés, J., Casini, G., Ruh, J., Cosgrove, J., Sherkati, S., Najafi, M., Casciello, E., Saura, E., Fard, I. A., Piryaei, A., de Lamotte, D. F., Letouzey, J., Goodarzi, H., Soleimany, B., & Jahani, S. (2024). STRUCTURAL STYLE AND TIMING OF NW-SE TRENDING ZAGROS FOLDS IN SW IRAN: INTERACTION WITH NORTH-SOUTH TRENDING ARABIAN FOLDS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PETROLEUM GEOLOGY. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 47(1), 3–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12850

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North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the major atmospheric mode that controls winter European climate variability. Its strength and phase determine regional temperatures, precipitation and storm tracks in this part of the planet and around a large part of the northern hemisphere. Understanding its past evolution is crucial to contextualise their present and future behaviour. Now, a new study has identified some of the limitations of based proxy reconstructions of this and other modes of climate variability that show their evolution though the Holocene (last 11.700 years). Santiago Giralt, researcher at GEO3BCN, has participated in this study whose first author is Armand Hernandez, postdoctoral researcher at GEO3BCN-CSIC between the years of 2017 to 2019. The study has been recently published in Earths Sciences-Reviews journal.

Modes of climate variability are useful tools to study complex climate systems and their recurrent patterns over different temporal and spatial scales. Food safety, energy availability, water resources or the C02 absorption are often influenced by the changes of climate patterns that can be studied using this modes. "It is crucial that we gain improved knowledge of their long-term past evolution and interactions over time to contextualize their present and future behaviour and to take the most suitable management decisions", says Hernandez.

The study reviewed the literature focused on proxy-based reconstructions of the main modes of climate variability, such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Pacific Decadal Variability (PDV), the Northern and Southern Annular Modes (NAM and SAM) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). "We selected the most studied modes and with more effects over global and regional climates", points out Armand Hernández.

Researchers identified some of the main issues addressed by reconstructions to understand the spatial and temporal evolution of these modes. According to Armand Hernández, the work shows that “there are scarce quantitative studies beyond the last millennium and these reconstructions don’t show always the same evolution patterns. This can be partly due to the used methodology and the proxy and natural archives selected". Tree rings, ice, marine and lacustrine sediments, corals, speleothems and historical documents are the most commonly used archives to carry out high-resolution proxy based reconstructions of the evolution of the modes of climate variability.

The lack of instrumental records beyond 19th Century is one of the main issues for reconstructions.”Multidecadal variations occur in all the modes of climate variability, and the lack of long-term instrumental data for these fluctuations present important challenges to climate science”, study says.

Researchers reviewed previous quantitative proxy-based studies of these modes that were accessible from open access repositories. "We analysed the differences among reconstructions for each mode using correlation analysis", explains Hernandez.

One of the major issues identified in this review is whether these modes have affected or not the climatic variables in the same way over the time, known as stationarity. According to Hernández, "if the behaviour of these modes has not been the same over time and they have produced different climatic conditions in a region even with the same disposition of the modes, this is challenging for the reconstructions".

The possible interferences in the reconstructions related with the interaction between the modes are another of the issue identified by the study. Moreover, the authors notes that dating uncertainties "are very difficult to constrain and contain associated errors".

The study also analysed the influence of external factors over these modes. “The reviewed evidences suggest that variability of the modes of climate variability can be conditioned by external factors such as volcanism, solar activity or orbital forcing", study says.

Researchers from the Royal Holloway University of London, Durham University, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC), the University of Reading , IDAEA-CSIC and CREAF-CSIC, among others institutions, have been involved in this research.

This work is an extended version of a chapter from the 6th Assessment Report of the International Panel of the Climate Change (IPCC) devoted to the climatic reconstructions and the study of modes of climate variability, which is currently being written by Hernández. At the same time, another study from Hernández focussed on the reconstruction of the NAO from the Iberian Peninsula during the last 2000 years has been recently published in the journal Scientific Reports. Santiago Giralt is also among the authors of the study, which is part of the doctoral thesis of Guiomar Sánchez, defended in 2016.

Reference

Hernández, A., Martin-Puertas, C., Moffa-Sánchez, P., Moreno-Chamarro, E., Ortega, P., Blockley, S., Cobb, K. M., Comas-Bru, L., Giralt, S., Goosse, H., Luterbacher, J., Martrat, B., Muscheler, R., Parnell, A., Pla-Rabes, S., Sjolte, J., Scaife, A. A., Swingedouw, D., Wise, E., & Xu, G. (2020). Modes of climate variability: Synthesis and review of proxy-based reconstructions through the Holocene. Earth-Science Reviews, 209, 103286. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103286

Further information

Hernández, A., Sánchez-López, G., Pla-Rabes, S. et al. A 2,000-year Bayesian NAO reconstruction from the Iberian Peninsula. Sci Rep 10, 14961 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71372-5

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